Companion Planting for Vegetable Gardens

, written by Kate Bradbury gb flag

Onions planted alongside carrots to protect against carrot fly

There are plenty of ways in which you can work with nature to help cultivate your crops successfully. For example, you can plant basil next to tomatoes to help ward off whitefly or you can use nasturtiums to lure aphids away from your runner beans, Clever planting schemes can deter pests or lure beneficial insects such as ladybirds and lacewings on to your plot. Some plants can even be used as structural support for others.

Deterring pests

Simply by planting a row of strong-smelling plants next to a row of vulnerable vegetables, you can ward off many pests (such as carrot root fly, white fly and aphids). Carrot root fly can smell carrots from up to a mile away. But If you plant alliums (such as leeks, onions or garlic) near your carrots, this masks their sweet, carroty smell. Alliums also deter slugs. So try growing salad leaf crops (such as lettuce and rocket) amongst them. Further, alliums prevent fungal infections. So a row of onions planted near strawberries helps to prevent the strawberries from developing mould.

Basil and marigolds act as a natural insect repellent when planted amongst tomatoes, helping to ward off whitefly. Similarly, a row of nasturtiums planted amongst beans attracts aphids away from your crop. This is because nasturtiums are more appealing to aphids than beans, so the pests will always go for their favoured treat if there’s the option to do so.

The following plants help deter pests from your crop:

  • Basil – wards off whitefly when planted amongst tomatoes
  • Nasturtium – attracts aphids away from beans
  • Alliums – confuse carrot fly and protect against slug damage
  • Lavender – confuses pests
  • Nettles – attract cabbage white butterflies, keeping them away from brassica crops
  • Ladybirds prey on aphids

    Beneficial insects

    Planting brightly coloured flowers near your crops will attract a wide range of insects to the area. More bees visiting your plot will result in more pollination of your vegetable blooms and therefore lead to bigger yields. Attracting ladybirds and lacewings to your crop will also help reduce damage from aphids. The predators will lay their eggs on your crops. These will hatch into larvae which can each eat up to 150 aphids per day.

    The following flowers and herbs are ideal for attracting beneficial insects to your crop:

    • Candytuft
    • Coriander
    • Sunflower
    • Lavender
    • Echinacea

    Please see our full article on Flowers for Vegetable Gardens for a detailed illustrated guide.

    Sunflowers growing among squash

    Support network

    Using certain crops to help others is another great way to ensure success in your vegetable garden. The traditional ‘three sisters’ approach involves planting a bed with sweetcorn, beans and squash plants (such as pumpkin and courgette) all growing together. Each plant provides natural shelter and protection for the other. The large leaves of the squash plants shade the sweetcorn’s roots from sunlight. They also act as a natural mulch by suppressing weeds and preventing moisture from evaporating from the soil’s surface. The tall stems of the sweetcorn provide a sturdy support for the beans to climb up. In turn, the beans fix nitrogen into the soil, which benefits both the sweetcorn and the squash plants.

    Other sturdy plants (such as Jerusalem artichokes) can provide shelter from wind for vulnerable crops. You could also try growing spinach between broad bean plants (the broad beans will offer protection from slugs and wind damage) or grow cabbage seedlings amongst leeks to hide them from pigeons.

    Summary

    • Use strong-smelling vegetables such as alliums (onions and garlic) and herbs (rosemary and basil) to confuse pests and prevent them from attacking your crop
    • Attract beneficial insects to your vegetable plot by planting flowers and herbs (such as candytuft and coriander)
    • Build a support network - use larger vegetables to protect smaller plants and seedlings by acting as a wind block or as a climbing support

Bugs, Beneficial Insects and Plant Diseases

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Comments

 
"One year I planted a row of marigolds beside my tomato plants. The tomatoes ended up tasting like marigolds, so I had no tomatoes that year. Never again."
Darla on Saturday 13 February 2016
"Try using basil this year"
Growing Beardmore on Sunday 14 February 2016
"Hello, about using alliums to protect plants...how close do they need to be please? My back yard is 11 foot by 17, if there is garlic growing in one corner, will that be enough to protect the rest of the yard?"
KingViv on Wednesday 7 September 2016
"I love companion planting. In a metre square I can grow up to 5 veggies. This saves water and gardening. The only one I have had limited success with is brassicas garlic onions with a trap crop nearby. Am disabled but still love gardening. Habitually interplant fruit veg and flowers even in front garden."
Amanda on Saturday 3 December 2016
"It's a nice little article but I was hoping for a comprehensive chart of vegetable crops and what other vegetables and plants to boost production and health naturally."
Veronica Bamfield on Saturday 21 May 2022

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